Infected Tooth or Dental Abscess

How to Know if Your Tooth Is Infected or You Have a Dental Abscess

Dental pain can be alarming, especially when it lingers or worsens over time. One of the most serious dental issues you can experience is a tooth infection or dental abscess. These conditions are not only painful but can also lead to serious health complications if left untreated. If you live in Joliet, Illinois, or the surrounding areas — such as Shorewood, Plainfield, Crest Hill, New Lenox, or Lockport — understanding the signs of a tooth infection or abscess and knowing when to seek professional care is essential for your oral and overall health.

In this comprehensive guide, we will explain how to recognize a tooth infection or abscess, what causes these conditions, how they are diagnosed and treated, and what you can do to prevent them. We will also answer frequently asked questions and provide guidance on how to get prompt dental care in your community.

What Is a Tooth Infection or Abscess?

A tooth infection occurs when harmful bacteria invade the inner tissues of a tooth, particularly the dental pulp — the soft tissue that contains nerves and blood vessels. When bacteria enter the pulp due to decay, cracks, trauma, or gum disease, the tissues become inflamed and infected. Over time, the infection can spread from the pulp to the surrounding bone and tissue, leading to an abscess.

A dental abscess is a pocket of pus that forms as the body tries to fight the infection. Abscesses can develop in different areas, such as at the tip of the root (periapical abscess) or between the gum and the tooth (periodontal abscess). These abscesses can be extremely painful and often require professional treatment.

Common Causes of Tooth Infections and Abscesses

Understanding the causes of tooth infections and abscesses can help you identify risk factors and seek treatment earlier. The most common causes include:

Untreated Tooth Decay

When cavities go untreated, bacteria continue to penetrate the enamel and dentin, eventually reaching the dental pulp and causing infection.

Cracked or Chipped Teeth

Cracks or chips provide an entry point for bacteria, allowing them to reach the inner layers of the tooth.

Gum Disease (Periodontal Disease)

Gum infections can spread deeper into the tooth structures and supporting bone, leading to abscesses.

Dental Trauma

Accidents or injuries that damage a tooth can expose the pulp to bacteria.

Failed Dental Work

Old fillings, crowns, or other dental restorations that fail or develop gaps can allow bacteria to infiltrate the tooth.

Recognizing the Signs and Symptoms

Tooth infections and abscesses can present with a range of symptoms. While pain is often the first sign, it is not the only indicator. Symptoms may vary depending on the severity and location of the infection.

Pain and Discomfort

Persistent, throbbing, or sharp tooth pain is one of the most common signs of an infected tooth or abscess. Pain may be constant or triggered by chewing, pressure, or temperature changes.

Swelling and Redness

Infected teeth are often accompanied by swelling of the gums, face, or jaw. Redness and tenderness in the affected area can also occur.

Sensitivity to Hot and Cold

Increased sensitivity to hot or cold foods and beverages that lingers long after removal from the mouth may indicate pulp inflammation.

Bad Breath or Unpleasant Taste

An abscess can produce a foul odor or taste in the mouth due to the presence of pus and bacterial byproducts.

Fever and Malaise

If the infection is spreading, you may experience fever, fatigue, or general malaise.

Swollen Lymph Nodes

Infection can cause lymph nodes in the neck or jaw to become tender and enlarged.

Gum Bumps (Pustules)

Small, painful bumps on the gums — often filled with pus — can form near the base of an infected tooth.

How Dental Professionals Diagnose Infections and Abscesses

If you suspect you have a tooth infection or abscess, prompt dental evaluation in Joliet or nearby communities is important. A dentist or endodontist will typically perform:

Clinical Examination

Visual inspection of the teeth, gums, and surrounding structures to identify signs of infection, swelling, or gum changes.

Percussion and Palpation Tests

Gently tapping on the tooth and surrounding tissues can help assess sensitivity and inflammation.

Thermal and Electric Tests

These tests evaluate nerve response in the tooth to determine pulp vitality.

X-rays and Imaging

Dental X-rays, including periapical and panoramic images, help locate the extent of the infection and whether it has spread to the bone or surrounding tissues.

Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)

In complex cases, a 3D scan may be used to provide detailed views of the tooth and surrounding structures.

Treatment Options for Tooth Infections and Abscesses

Treatment depends on the severity and extent of the infection. Common options include:

Root Canal Therapy

A root canal removes the infected pulp, disinfects the inside of the tooth, and seals it to prevent further infection. Afterward, a crown is often placed to restore strength and function.

Tooth Extraction

When a tooth cannot be saved due to extensive damage or infection, extraction may be the best option. After extraction, replacement options like bridges or implants can be discussed.

Incision and Drainage

For abscesses with significant pus buildup, the dentist may make a small incision to drain the abscess and relieve pressure and pain.

Antibiotics

Antibiotics may be prescribed to help control the infection, especially if it has spread beyond the tooth. However, antibiotics should not replace definitive dental treatment.

Pain Management

Anti-inflammatory medications and analgesics may be recommended to manage discomfort while treatment is being arranged.

When to Seek Emergency Dental Care

Some symptoms indicate a more serious condition and warrant immediate attention. Seek emergency dental or medical care if you experience:

• Severe or worsening pain that is not relieved with over-the-counter medication
• High fever or chills
• Difficulty breathing or swallowing
• Swelling of the face, neck, or eyes
• Rapidly spreading infection or intense swelling

Delayed treatment can allow the infection to spread to other parts of the body, leading to life-threatening complications.

Preventing Tooth Infections and Abscesses

Prevention is key to oral health. Follow these tips to reduce your risk:

Brush and Floss Daily

Good oral hygiene removes plaque and food particles that can lead to decay and gum disease.

Schedule Regular Dental Checkups

Routine exams and cleanings allow dentists to detect early signs of decay, gum disease, or other issues before they become serious.

Wear Protective Gear

If you participate in contact sports or high-risk activities, wear a mouthguard to protect your teeth from trauma.

Avoid Tobacco Use

Smoking and chewing tobacco increase the risk of gum disease and infections.

Maintain a Balanced Diet

Limit sugary foods and drinks that contribute to tooth decay. A diet rich in vitamins and minerals supports overall dental health.

Frequently Asked Questions About Tooth Infections and Abscesses

What is the difference between a tooth infection and a dental abscess?

A tooth infection refers to bacterial invasion of the dental pulp, while a dental abscess is a collection of pus that results from the body’s response to infection.

Can a tooth infection go away on its own?

No. A tooth infection will not heal without professional treatment. Delay can lead to worsening pain, spread of infection, and serious complications.

Are antibiotics alone enough to treat a dental abscess?

Antibiotics can help control the spread of the infection but do not eliminate the source. Definitive dental treatment — such as a root canal or extraction — is necessary.

How long does it take to recover after a root canal?

Most patients recover from a root canal in a few days. Discomfort usually subsides within 24 to 48 hours, and normal activities can resume shortly afterward.

Is a dental abscess contagious?

No. Dental abscesses are caused by bacteria within your mouth entering the tooth. They are not contagious in the way a cold or flu is transmitted.

What to Do if You Think You Have an Infected Tooth in Joliet

At our dental office serving Joliet, Plainfield, Shorewood, Crest Hill, Romeoville, and surrounding communities, our team provides comprehensive dental care, including diagnosis and treatment of tooth infections and abscesses. We understand the urgency of dental infections and offer compassionate, timely treatment tailored to your needs.

Call us today at 815-782-6243 or schedule an appointment online to get the care you need. Early diagnosis and treatment can save your tooth, reduce pain, and prevent serious complications. Your oral health matters, and we are here to help you smile with confidence. You can significantly decrease your risk of dental infection and emergencies if you routinely see your dentist every 6 months.

At Smile League Dental, we are here to service all your dental needs, and accept walk-ins or dental emergencies as priority cases. Make your appointment with us today by calling us on 815-782-6243. Visit smileeaguedental.com for more information.